Steptoe A, Wardle J
Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, UK.
Eur J Epidemiol. 1994 Apr;10(2):195-203. doi: 10.1007/BF01730370.
This paper describes an assessment of expert medical and epidemiological opinion about the role of lifestyle in health, carried out by means of a questionnaire survey of senior members of academic departments of public health, epidemiology and social medicine in Western European universities. Estimates were made of the influence of eight lifestyle factors--smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, stress, body weight, dietary fat, fibre and salt--on the aetiology or course of five disorders: heart disease, high blood pressure, lung cancer, breast cancer and diabetes. One hundred and fifty responses were received from scientists and clinicians from 16 countries. Respondents had an average of 17.8 years experience in their discipline (range 5-40 years). The only links to be endorsed as definite by over 90% of respondents were those between smoking and both heart disease and lung cancer. However, more than 70% considered alcohol consumption, exercise, stress body weight and dietary fat to be definite or probable influences on heart disease. Smoking, alcohol, exercise, stress, body weight and salt intake were endorsed as relevant to high blood pressure by more than 70%. Opinions differed widely about the influence of lifestyle on breast cancer and diabetes. Experts from the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland were less positive than respondents from other countries about the influence of stress, dietary fat, fibre and salt on disease. The results indicate that comparatively few lifestyle factors were believed to be unequivocally related to any of the five disorders. Experts from the UK and Ireland were generally les likely to endorse lifestyle-disease links than those from other European countries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
本文描述了一项关于生活方式对健康作用的医学与流行病学专家意见评估，该评估通过对西欧大学公共卫生、流行病学和社会医学学术部门的资深成员进行问卷调查来开展。研究估算了八种生活方式因素——吸烟、饮酒、运动、压力、体重、膳食脂肪、纤维和盐——对五种疾病（心脏病、高血压、肺癌、乳腺癌和糖尿病）病因或病程的影响。收到了来自16个国家的科学家和临床医生的150份回复。受访者在其专业领域的平均经验为17.8年（范围为5至40年）。超过90%的受访者明确认可的唯一关联是吸烟与心脏病和肺癌之间的关联。然而，超过70%的人认为饮酒、运动、压力、体重和膳食脂肪对心脏病有明确或可能的影响。超过70%的人认可吸烟、饮酒、运动、压力、体重和盐摄入量与高血压相关。对于生活方式对乳腺癌和糖尿病的影响，意见差异很大。来自英国和爱尔兰共和国的专家比其他国家的受访者对压力、膳食脂肪、纤维和盐对疾病的影响态度更不积极。结果表明，相对较少的生活方式因素被认为与这五种疾病中的任何一种有明确关联。与其他欧洲国家的专家相比，英国和爱尔兰的专家普遍不太认可生活方式与疾病之间的联系。（摘要截选至250词）
