Zimmerman J L, Dickerson V C
Bay Area Family Therapy Training Associates, CA.
Fam Process. 1994 Sep;33(3):233-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1994.00233.x.
The evolution of family therapy from a cybernetic metaphor to a narrative metaphor has led us to think differently about therapy, about clients, and about ourselves as therapists. In this article we pursue how this different way of thinking has informed a theoretical understanding of a narrative therapy approach and consequently has opened space for different ways of working clinically. We begin by tracing the evolution to narrative; we consider the implications of social constructionism and its political effects; and we complete the discussion by focusing on narrative theory. We then show how the clinical work follows logically and is coherent with the theoretical considerations. We describe, and illustrate with clinical examples, an innovative approach to working with couples and families with adolescents. In this work we pay attention to the larger cultural stories, including gender constructions, and to personal stories that persons have created to make meaning out of their experience as they interact with one another in a reciprocal meaning-making process. Interventions focus on externalizing the problem narrative that is influencing the client(s), mapping the effects of the problem pattern and/or the totalizing view persons might have of others, and creating space for client(s) to notice preferred actions and intentions. Finally, we close the loop by asking questions of ourselves and others about the effects of working from a narrative metaphor.
家庭治疗从控制论隐喻向叙事隐喻的演变，促使我们以不同的方式思考治疗、来访者以及作为治疗师的我们自身。在本文中，我们探讨这种不同的思维方式如何为叙事治疗方法的理论理解提供信息，并因此为临床工作的不同方式开辟了空间。我们首先追溯向叙事的演变过程；我们思考社会建构主义的影响及其政治效应；然后通过聚焦叙事理论完成讨论。接着，我们展示临床工作如何在逻辑上遵循并与理论考量保持一致。我们描述并通过临床实例说明一种针对有青少年的夫妻和家庭的创新工作方法。在这项工作中，我们关注更大的文化故事，包括性别建构，以及人们在相互意义建构过程中为理解自身经历而创造的个人故事。干预措施侧重于将影响来访者的问题叙事外化，描绘问题模式的影响和/或人们对他人可能持有的总体看法，并为来访者创造空间以留意到偏好的行动和意图。最后，我们通过向自己和他人询问从叙事隐喻开展工作的效果来完成整个循环。
