Chen M J, Grube J W, Madden P A
Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA 94704.
Addict Behav. 1994 Sep-Oct;19(5):521-9. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)90007-8.
Although alcohol expectancies have been shown to be consistently related to drinking and problematic drinking among underage youth, some studies suggest that they are more predictive of quantity than of frequency of drinking. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested. This study examines the differential prediction hypothesis using a sample of 1,781 high school students from the San Francisco Bay Area. Measures included yearly and monthly frequency of drinking and intoxication and usual quantity consumed per drinking occasion. Alcohol expectancies were measured with 11 items asking about the likelihood that having 2 or 3 whole drinks of alcohol would lead to specific personal consequences. Structural equations analyses indicated that expectancies were better predictors of quantity than of frequency or intoxication. The results also show that positive and negative expectancy subscales were differentially associated with the drinking measures and the patterns were somewhat different for males and females.
尽管研究表明，在未成年青少年中，饮酒预期一直与饮酒行为及问题饮酒相关，但一些研究表明，饮酒预期对饮酒量的预测作用比对饮酒频率的预测作用更强。然而，这一假设尚未得到正式验证。本研究以旧金山湾区的1781名高中生为样本，对差异预测假设进行了检验。测量指标包括每年和每月的饮酒频率、醉酒频率以及每次饮酒场合的通常饮酒量。饮酒预期通过11个项目进行测量，这些项目询问饮用2或3整杯酒导致特定个人后果的可能性。结构方程分析表明，饮酒预期对饮酒量的预测比对饮酒频率或醉酒程度的预测更好。结果还表明，积极和消极预期子量表与饮酒测量指标的关联存在差异，且男性和女性的模式略有不同。
