Yaqoob P, Newsholme E A, Calder P C
Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, U.K.
Immunology. 1994 Aug;82(4):603-10.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to suppress immune cell functions in vitro. Dietary studies investigating the effects of PUFA-containing oils on lymphocyte functions have yielded contradictory findings: such studies are difficult to compare as there are many variations in protocols. The present study investigated the effects of diets containing oils rich in saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, n-6 PUFA or n-3 PUFA on rat lymphocyte proliferation and on receptor and surface marker expression. Rats were fed for 10 weeks on a low-fat (LF) diet (approximately 2% fat by weight) or on one of five high-fat diets, which contained 20% (by weight) hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), olive oil (OO), safflower oil (SO), evening primrose oil (EPO) or menhaden (fish) oil (MO). Compared with feeding the LF diet, all of the high-fat diets suppressed the proliferation of lymphocytes from the spleen: although there was no significant effect of diet on the proliferation of lymphocytes from the thymus, there was a trend towards decreased proliferation with high-fat feeding. Feeding the OO, EPO or MO diets significantly suppressed proliferation of mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes compared with feeding the LF, HCO or SO diets. Dietary lipid manipulation had no effect on the proportion of T cells, B cells or monocytes/macrophages in the spleen, thymus or lymph nodes. Dietary lipid manipulation also had no significant effect on the proportions of CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes in spleen, thymus or lymph nodes, either in freshly prepared cells or in cells cultured in the presence of mitogen. There were no significant effects of dietary lipid manipulation on the expression of IL-2 receptors or transferrin receptors by concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated lymphocytes. However, there was a trend towards a decrease in transferrin receptor expression by Con A-stimulated lymphocytes from the thymus and lymph nodes of the MO-fed rats and towards a decrease in the expression of IL-2 receptors by lymphocytes from the spleens and thymi of the MO-fed rats. These observations provide evidence that some dietary oils, particularly OO, EPO and MO, possess immunosuppressive properties and so may be useful in the therapy of diseases involving inappropriate lymphocyte activation.
多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）已被证明在体外可抑制免疫细胞功能。关于含PUFA的油对淋巴细胞功能影响的饮食研究得出了相互矛盾的结果：由于实验方案存在许多差异，此类研究难以进行比较。本研究调查了富含饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、n-6多不饱和脂肪酸或n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的油类饮食对大鼠淋巴细胞增殖以及受体和表面标志物表达的影响。将大鼠分别喂食低脂（LF）饮食（约占体重的2%脂肪）或五种高脂饮食之一，这五种高脂饮食分别含有20%（按重量计）的氢化椰子油（HCO）、橄榄油（OO）、红花油（SO）、月见草油（EPO）或鲱鱼油（MO），持续10周。与喂食LF饮食相比，所有高脂饮食均抑制了脾脏淋巴细胞的增殖：尽管饮食对胸腺淋巴细胞的增殖没有显著影响，但高脂喂养有使增殖减少的趋势。与喂食LF、HCO或SO饮食相比，喂食OO、EPO或MO饮食显著抑制了肠系膜淋巴结淋巴细胞的增殖。饮食脂质处理对脾脏、胸腺或淋巴结中T细胞、B细胞或单核细胞/巨噬细胞的比例没有影响。饮食脂质处理对脾脏、胸腺或淋巴结中CD4 +或CD8 +淋巴细胞的比例也没有显著影响，无论是在新鲜制备的细胞中还是在有丝分裂原存在下培养的细胞中。饮食脂质处理对伴刀豆球蛋白A（Con A）刺激的淋巴细胞中IL-2受体或转铁蛋白受体的表达没有显著影响。然而，喂食MO的大鼠胸腺和淋巴结中Con A刺激的淋巴细胞转铁蛋白受体表达有降低的趋势，喂食MO的大鼠脾脏和胸腺中淋巴细胞IL-2受体表达也有降低的趋势。这些观察结果提供了证据，表明某些食用油，特别是OO、EPO和MO，具有免疫抑制特性，因此可能有助于治疗涉及淋巴细胞异常激活的疾病。
