Bryan R T, Pinner R W, Berkelman R L
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Dec 15;740:346-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19892.x.
Emerging infectious diseases such as prolonged diarrheal illness due to water-borne Cryptosporidium, hemorrhagic colitis and renal failure from food-borne E. coli O157:H7, and rodent-borne hantavirus pulmonary syndrome as well as reemerging infections such as tuberculosis, pertussis, and cholera vividly illustrate that we remain highly vulnerable to the microorganisms with which we share our environment. Prompt detection of new and resurgent infectious disease threats depends on careful monitoring by modern surveillance systems. This article focuses on five important elements of improved surveillance for emerging infections: 1) strengthening the national notifiable disease system, 2) establishing sentinel surveillance networks, 3) establishing population-based emerging infections programs, 4) developing a system for enhanced global surveillance, and 5) applying new tools and novel approaches to surveillance.
新发传染病，如水源性隐孢子虫引起的长期腹泻病、食源性大肠杆菌O157:H7导致的出血性结肠炎和肾衰竭，以及鼠传汉坦病毒肺综合征，还有再次出现的感染，如结核病、百日咳和霍乱，都生动地表明，我们仍然极易受到与我们共享环境的微生物的侵害。及时发现新出现和重新出现的传染病威胁依赖于现代监测系统的仔细监测。本文重点关注加强新发感染监测的五个重要要素：1）加强国家法定传染病报告系统，2）建立哨点监测网络，3）建立基于人群的新发感染项目，4）建立强化全球监测系统，5）应用新工具和新方法进行监测。
