Lee Y S
Program on Environment, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96848.
Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi. 1994 Dec;10 Suppl:S39-51.
A large and growing proportion of the population in many Southeast Asian cities live in slums and squatter settlements and they suffer from excessive exposure to insect and rodent vectors which transmit disease from one host to another. In such settlements, the quality of life, which is poor anyway, is made even worse by the high incidence of vector-borne diseases. Vector proliferation in high-density, low-income urban settlements is the consequence of a number of factors, such as lack of adequate housing, water supply, sanitation, drainage, and solid waste management facilities. There is an urgent need to rethink intersectoral and integrated approaches to the design and planning of healthy urban environments, covering such matters as basic infrastructure and services, urban land use planning and waste management, health-promoting housing and architecture, and the control of all other factors that determine human health and well-being. With cooperation between and among the communities, local governments, and nongovernmental organizations as the basis, the installation of low-cost sanitation and drainage systems, the organization of collection services for the disposal of garbage, the provision of house screening and other protective measures, and the removal of breeding sites can greatly reduce the threat of most urban vectors.
在许多东南亚城市，越来越大比例的人口居住在贫民窟和棚户区，他们过度暴露于将疾病从一个宿主传播到另一个宿主的昆虫和啮齿动物媒介中。在这些住区，原本就很差的生活质量因媒介传播疾病的高发病率而变得更糟。高密度、低收入城市住区的媒介繁殖是多种因素造成的，比如缺乏充足的住房、供水、卫生设施、排水系统和固体废物管理设施。迫切需要重新思考跨部门和综合方法，以设计和规划健康的城市环境，涵盖诸如基本基础设施和服务、城市土地利用规划和废物管理、促进健康的住房和建筑，以及控制所有其他决定人类健康和福祉的因素等事项。以社区、地方政府和非政府组织之间的合作为基础，安装低成本的卫生和排水系统、组织垃圾处理收集服务、提供房屋筛查和其他保护措施，以及清除繁殖场所，能够大大减少大多数城市媒介带来的威胁。
