Knave B
National Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Neuromedicine, Solna, Sweden.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1994;20 Spec No:78-89.
In recent years interest has increased in the biological effects and possible health outcomes of weak electric and magnetic fields. Studies have been presented on magnetic fields and cancer, reproduction, and neurobehavioral reactions. Epidemiologic studies on childhood leukemia and residential exposure from power lines seem to indicate a slight increase in risk, and excess leukemia and brain tumor risks have been reported in "electrical" occupations. In spite of a large number of experimental laboratory studies, however, no plausible and understandable mechanism has been presented by which a carcinogenic effect could be explained. International guidelines state that the scientific knowledge on magnetic fields and cancer does not warrant limiting exposure levels for the general public and work force down to the low levels of everyday exposure. Study results on reproduction, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neurobehavioral disorders are generally considered insufficiently clear and consistent to constitute a scientific basis for restricting exposure.
近年来，人们对弱电场和磁场的生物效应以及可能的健康后果越来越感兴趣。已经有关于磁场与癌症、生殖及神经行为反应的研究报告。关于儿童白血病与输电线所致居住暴露的流行病学研究似乎表明风险略有增加，并且在“电气”行业中也报告了白血病和脑肿瘤风险过高的情况。然而，尽管进行了大量的实验室实验研究，但尚未提出一个合理且易懂的机制来解释致癌效应。国际准则指出，关于磁场与癌症的科学知识并不足以证明有必要将一般公众和劳动者的暴露水平限制到日常低暴露水平。关于生殖（包括不良妊娠结局）和神经行为障碍的研究结果总体上被认为不够清晰和一致，不足以构成限制暴露的科学依据。
