Chyou P H, Nomura A M, Stemmermann G N
Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu 96817.
Int J Cancer. 1995 Mar 3;60(5):616-21. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910600508.
A cohort study of upper aerodigestive tract cancer was conducted among 7,995 Japanese-American men who were interviewed and examined from 1965 to 1968. Information was collected about smoking history and alcohol and dietary intake. After 24 years, 92 incident cases with histological confirmation of diagnosis were identified. Current cigarette smokers at time of examination had a 3-fold risk for upper aerodigestive tract cancer compared with never-smokers. A dose-response relationship was present with increasing amount and duration of cigarette use. Consumption of beer, wine, spirits and total alcohol was strongly associated with increased risk. Of 23 food and beverage categories, only candy/jelly/soda pop consumption had a statistically significant inverse trend. Frequent consumption of fruit was also inversely associated with this cancer. In contrast, the risk tended to be positively associated with consumption of rice, seaweed, tofu or tsukudani (a mixed dish of fish, sugar, soy sauce and seaweed), but the dose-response relationship was not statistically significant. For nutrient intake, increased calcium and fat intake decreased the risk for this cancer.
对7995名日裔美国男性进行了一项关于上消化道癌症的队列研究，这些男性在1965年至1968年期间接受了访谈和检查。收集了吸烟史、酒精和饮食摄入方面的信息。24年后，确定了92例经组织学确诊的新发病例。检查时的现吸烟者患上下消化道癌症的风险是从不吸烟者的3倍。随着吸烟量和吸烟持续时间的增加，存在剂量反应关系。啤酒、葡萄酒、烈酒和总酒精摄入量与风险增加密切相关。在23种食品和饮料类别中，只有糖果/果冻/汽水的消费有统计学意义的反向趋势。经常食用水果也与这种癌症呈负相关。相比之下，风险往往与大米、海藻、豆腐或佃煮（一种由鱼、糖、酱油和海藻混合而成的菜肴）的消费呈正相关，但剂量反应关系无统计学意义。对于营养摄入，钙和脂肪摄入量增加会降低患这种癌症的风险。
