Stern C S, Carvalho M da G, Teixeira L M
School of Medicine, University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994 Oct;20(2):61-7. doi: 10.1016/0732-8893(94)90093-0.
A total of 330 enterococci strains isolated from several human (272 strains) and animal (27) clinical specimens and environmental sources (31) in Brazil were identified to species level. Major human sources included urine (48.5%), blood (15.8%), and wounds (9.5%). Human isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (90.0%), E. faecium (6.9%), E. gallinarum (1.1%), E. durans (0.8%), E. casseliflavus (0.4%), E. raffinosus (0.4%), and E. mundtii (0.4%). Strains isolated from animals were composed of E. hirae (40.7%), E. faecalis (33.3%), E. faecium (18.5%), and E. casseliflavus (7.5%). Among environmental isolates, 42.0% were E. faecalis, 35.4% E. faecium, 13.0% E. hirae, 6.4% E. casseliflavus, and 3.2% E. durans. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for 200 strains. Overall, high-level resistance (HLR) to aminoglycosides was found in 66 (33.0%) of the strains tested. HLR to gentamicin was detected in 11.5% of the strains, whereas 19.0% of the strains showed HLR to streptomycin and 26.0% showed HLR to kanamycin. Five (22.7%) of the E. faecium strains were resistant to ampicillin [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 32 micrograms/ml]. Vancomycin MIC50 and MIC90 were 2 and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively; only eight strains (identified as E. casseliflavus or E. gallinarum) had MIC of 8 micrograms/ml. No beta-lactamase activity was detected by the nitrocefin test.
对从巴西的多个人类（272株）和动物（27株）临床标本以及环境来源（31株）中分离出的总共330株肠球菌进行了种水平鉴定。主要的人类来源包括尿液（48.5%）、血液（15.8%）和伤口（9.5%）。人类分离株鉴定为粪肠球菌（90.0%）、屎肠球菌（6.9%）、鹑鸡肠球菌（1.1%）、耐久肠球菌（0.8%）、格氏肠球菌（0.4%）、棉子糖肠球菌（0.4%）和蒙氏肠球菌（0.4%）。从动物分离出的菌株包括海氏肠球菌（40.7%）、粪肠球菌（33.3%）、屎肠球菌（18.5%）和格氏肠球菌（7.5%）。在环境分离株中，42.0%为粪肠球菌，35.4%为屎肠球菌，13.0%为海氏肠球菌，6.4%为格氏肠球菌，3.2%为耐久肠球菌。对200株菌株进行了药敏试验。总体而言，在测试的菌株中有66株（33.0%）对氨基糖苷类呈现高水平耐药（HLR）。11.5%的菌株对庆大霉素呈现HLR，而19.0%的菌株对链霉素呈现HLR，26.0%的菌株对卡那霉素呈现HLR。5株（22.7%）屎肠球菌菌株对氨苄西林耐药[最低抑菌浓度（MIC）>32微克/毫升]。万古霉素的MIC50和MIC90分别为2和4微克/毫升；只有8株（鉴定为格氏肠球菌或鹑鸡肠球菌）的MIC为8微克/毫升。硝基头孢菌素试验未检测到β-内酰胺酶活性。
