Donaldson S I, Graham J W, Hansen W B
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Alhambra 91803.
J Behav Med. 1994 Apr;17(2):195-216. doi: 10.1007/BF01858105.
Outcome research has shown that drug prevention programs based on theories of social influence often prevent the onset of adolescent drug use. However, little is known empirically about the processes through which they have their effects. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate intervening mechanism theories of two program models for preventing the onset of adolescent drug use. Analyses based on a total of 3077 fifth graders participating in the Adolescent Alcohol Prevention Trial revealed that both normative education and resistance training activated the causal processes they targeted. While beliefs about prevalence and acceptability significantly mediated the effects of normative education on subsequent adolescent drug use, resistance skills did not significantly predict subsequent drug use. More impressively, this pattern of results was virtually the same across sex, ethnicity, context (public versus private school students), drugs (alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana) and levels of risk and was durable across time. These findings strongly suggest that successful social influence-based prevention programs may be driven primarily by their ability to foster social norms that reduce an adolescent's social motivation to begin using alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana.
结果研究表明，基于社会影响理论的药物预防项目往往能预防青少年药物使用的开始。然而，从实证角度来看，对于它们产生效果的过程却知之甚少。本研究的目的是评估两种预防青少年药物使用开始的项目模型的干预机制理论。对总共3077名参与青少年酒精预防试验的五年级学生进行的分析表明，规范教育和抵抗训练都激活了它们所针对的因果过程。虽然关于流行程度和可接受性的信念显著介导了规范教育对随后青少年药物使用的影响，但抵抗技能并不能显著预测随后的药物使用。更令人印象深刻的是，这种结果模式在性别、种族、背景（公立学校学生与私立学校学生）、药物（酒精、香烟和大麻）以及风险水平方面几乎相同，并且随着时间的推移具有持续性。这些发现有力地表明，成功的基于社会影响的预防项目可能主要是由它们培养社会规范的能力驱动的，这些社会规范会降低青少年开始使用酒精、香烟和大麻的社会动机。
