Luukinen H, Koski K, Laippala P, Kivela S L
Department of Public Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Finland.
Public Health. 1995 Jan;109(1):57-65. doi: 10.1016/s0033-3506(95)80076-x.
All the persons aged 70 years or older and living in long-term institutional care in five rural northern Finnish municipalities (N = 145) were followed up for two years, and all their fall incidents were recorded through diary reporting by the nursing staff and by examining the medical records in hospitals, health centres and nursing homes. The study population was examined halfway through the follow-up period by two nurses, a physiotherapist and a physician. Of the 93 ambulatory subjects, 57% of the men and 56% of the women experienced at least two falls in six months (recurrent falls): 10% of the recurrent falls resulted in a major soft tissue injury and 5% in a fracture. Logistic regression analyses showed the independent risk factors for recurrent falls to be slow walking speed, a change in living conditions during the previous two years, reduced quadriceps strength and existence of an ophthalmic disease. Many of the risk factors are potentially remediable, and they should be minimized by optimizing the care and by improving or maintaining the functional abilities of the elderly.
对芬兰北部五个农村市镇中所有年龄在70岁及以上且长期接受机构护理的人员（N = 145）进行了为期两年的随访，通过护理人员的日记报告以及查阅医院、健康中心和养老院的病历记录了他们所有的跌倒事件。在随访期过半时，由两名护士、一名物理治疗师和一名医生对研究人群进行了检查。在93名能走动的受试者中，57%的男性和56%的女性在六个月内经历了至少两次跌倒（反复跌倒）：10%的反复跌倒导致了严重的软组织损伤，5%导致了骨折。逻辑回归分析显示，反复跌倒的独立危险因素为步行速度慢、前两年生活条件改变、股四头肌力量减弱以及存在眼科疾病。许多危险因素可能是可以纠正的，应通过优化护理以及改善或维持老年人的功能能力将其降至最低。
