MacLeod C, McLaughlin K
Department of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth.
Behav Res Ther. 1995 Jan;33(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)e0004-3.
Williams, Watts, MacLeod and Mathews' (1988) [Cognitive psychology and the emotional disorders. Chichester, Wiley] model of anxiety and cognition leads to the prediction that anxious subjects will show an implicit, but not an explicit, memory advantage for threat-related information. Mathews, Mogg, May and Eysenck (1989) [Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 401-407] obtained marginally significant support for this prediction in an experiment that tested memory using word stem completion tasks following a self-referent encoding procedure. However, neither the reliability nor generality of these findings have been established. The current experiment was designed to provide a conceptual replication of Mathews et al.'s study, using different tests of implicit memory (i.e. tachistoscopic identification) and explicit memory (i.e. recognition) and an alternative type of encoding task (i.e. colour naming stimulus words). 16 generalised anxiety disorder patients, and 16 non-anxious control subjects were tested. As predicted, the anxiety patients showed a relative implicit memory advantage for threat-related stimulus words, while the two subject groups did not differ in their pattern of explicit memory performance. These results support the predictions generated by Williams et al.'s model of anxiety and cognition.
威廉姆斯、瓦茨、麦克劳德和马修斯（1988年）[《认知心理学与情绪障碍》。奇切斯特，威利出版社]的焦虑与认知模型预测，焦虑的受试者会对与威胁相关的信息表现出内隐记忆优势，但外显记忆优势不明显。马修斯、莫格、梅和艾森克（1989年）[《变态心理学杂志》，98卷，401 - 407页]在一项实验中，通过自我参照编码程序后使用词干补全任务来测试记忆，该预测得到了勉强显著的支持。然而，这些发现的可靠性和普遍性都尚未得到证实。当前的实验旨在对马修斯等人的研究进行概念性重复，采用不同的内隐记忆测试（即速示辨认）和外显记忆测试（即识别）以及另一种类型的编码任务（即对刺激词进行颜色命名）。对16名广泛性焦虑症患者和16名非焦虑对照受试者进行了测试。正如预测的那样，焦虑症患者对与威胁相关的刺激词表现出相对的内隐记忆优势，而两组受试者在外显记忆表现模式上没有差异。这些结果支持了威廉姆斯等人的焦虑与认知模型所产生的预测。
