Buck R
University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-1085.
Biol Psychol. 1994 Oct;38(2-3):95-115. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(94)90032-9.
Fridlund (Fridlund, A.J. (1991). Biological Psychology, 32, 3-100) has argued that facial displays are specific to intent and context, rather than being readouts of underlying motivational-emotional states. This paper responds that these views are not incompatible, and that subjective emotional experience functions in part to enhance the learned control of emotional expression and communication. It summarizes the readout position, answers Fridlund's criticisms identifying it with the different notion of "spillover," and contends that the expressive readout functions in spontaneous communication. Fridlund's assertions that the readout is a reflex-like process, and that the readout view has ignored the receiver's coevolutionary role in communication, are addressed. Evidence supporting the readout view is presented, including studies suggesting that there are hierarchically organized neurochemical systems underlying subjective, expressive, and peripheral physiological responses. Such primary motivational-emotional systems (primes) are basic to the readout theory.
弗里德伦德（弗里德伦德，A.J.（1991年）。《生物心理学》，第32卷，第3 - 100页）认为，面部表情是特定于意图和情境的，而不是潜在动机 - 情绪状态的表现。本文回应称，这些观点并非相互矛盾，且主观情绪体验部分作用于增强对情绪表达和交流的习得控制。它总结了表现观点，回应了弗里德伦德将其与不同概念“溢出”相联系的批评，并认为表现性表现作用于自发交流。文中讨论了弗里德伦德关于表现是类似反射的过程以及表现观点忽略了接收者在交流中的共同进化作用的断言。还呈现了支持表现观点的证据，包括一些研究表明，主观、表现性和外周生理反应背后存在层次组织的神经化学系统。这种主要的动机 - 情绪系统（原激发系统）是表现理论的基础。
