Sobal J, Marquart L F
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
Int J Sport Nutr. 1994 Dec;4(4):320-34. doi: 10.1123/ijsn.4.4.320.
Vitamin/mineral supplements are often used by athletes as ergogenic aids to improve performance. This paper reviews studies of the prevalence, patterns, and explanations for vitamin/mineral supplement use among athletes. Fifty-one studies provided quantitative prevalence data on 10,274 male and female athletes at several levels of athletic participation in over 15 sports. The overall mean prevalence of athletes' supplement use was 46%. Most studies reported that over half of the athletes used supplements (range 6% to 100%), and the larger investigations found lower prevalence levels. Elite athletes used supplements more than college or high school athletes. Women used supplements more often than men. Varying patterns existed by sport. Athletes appear to use supplements more than the general population, and some take high doses that may lead to nutritional problems. Sport nutritionists should include a vitamin/mineral supplement history as part of their dietary assessment so they can educate athletes about vitamin/mineral supplements and athletic performance.
维生素/矿物质补充剂常被运动员用作提高成绩的促效辅助剂。本文综述了关于运动员使用维生素/矿物质补充剂的流行情况、模式及原因的研究。51项研究提供了10274名男女运动员在15项以上运动的多个竞技水平上使用补充剂的定量流行数据。运动员使用补充剂的总体平均流行率为46%。大多数研究报告称，超过一半的运动员使用补充剂（范围为6%至100%），而规模较大的调查发现流行率较低。精英运动员比大学或高中运动员更常使用补充剂。女性比男性更常使用补充剂。不同运动项目存在不同的模式。运动员似乎比普通人群更常使用补充剂，而且一些人服用高剂量补充剂可能会导致营养问题。运动营养学家应将维生素/矿物质补充剂使用史作为饮食评估的一部分，以便他们能够就维生素/矿物质补充剂与运动表现向运动员进行教育。
