Araj G F, Uwaydah M M, Alami S Y
Department of Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994 Nov;20(3):151-8. doi: 10.1016/0732-8893(94)90109-0.
In Lebanon, knowledge of the prevailing pattern of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents has been limited, particularly because of 15 years of civil strife. Thus, the current study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nonselected bacterial isolates recovered from recent clinical specimens, using the standardized disk agar diffusion technique. A total of 5216 isolates (1443 Gram positive and 3773 Gram negative) were examined. Over 92% of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were resistant to penicillins. Methicillin resistance was more frequently noted among CNS (28%) compared with S. aureus (18%). For the pneumococci, 27% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin G. High but variable rates of multidrug resistance were encountered among Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp., Citrobacter spp., and Enterobacter spp. Ampicillin resistance was detected in 65% of Escherichia coli and in 20% of Haemophilus influenzae isolates. Although one resistant Salmonella typhi strain was observed, 17% of other Salmonella spp. and 60% of Shigella spp. proved to be resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. Among Vibrio cholerae isolates, high resistance to tetracycline (71%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (94%) was observed. The overall antimicrobial resistance rates in Lebanon seem to fall between figures reported from the Arabian Gulf countries (higher) and those from medical centers in the United States (lower).
在黎巴嫩，由于长达15年的内战，人们对抗菌药物的细菌耐药流行模式的了解有限。因此，开展了本研究，采用标准化纸片琼脂扩散技术，以确定从近期临床标本中分离出的未经筛选的细菌的药敏模式。共检测了5216株分离菌（1443株革兰氏阳性菌和3773株革兰氏阴性菌）。超过92%的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）对青霉素耐药。与金黄色葡萄球菌（18%）相比，CNS中耐甲氧西林的情况更为常见（28%）。对于肺炎球菌，27%的分离株对青霉素G耐药。不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、沙雷菌属、柠檬酸杆菌属和肠杆菌属中出现了较高但各不相同的多重耐药率。在65%的大肠杆菌和20%的流感嗜血杆菌分离株中检测到氨苄西林耐药。虽然观察到1株伤寒沙门氏菌耐药菌株，但17%的其他沙门氏菌属和60%的志贺氏菌属被证明对氨苄西林、氯霉素和复方新诺明耐药。在霍乱弧菌分离株中，观察到对四环素（71%）和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑（94%）的高耐药率。黎巴嫩的总体抗菌耐药率似乎介于阿拉伯海湾国家报告的数字（较高）和美国医疗中心报告的数字（较低）之间。
