Central projections of sensory neurons in the Drosophila embryo correlate with sensory modality, soma position, and proneural gene function.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) of the Drosophila embryo is especially suited for investigating the specification of neuronal identity: the PNS consists of a relatively simple but diverse set of individually identified sensory neurons; mutants, including embryonic lethals, can be readily generated and analyzed; and axon growth can potentially be followed from the earliest stages. We have developed a staining method to reveal the central projections of the full set of sensory neurons in the preterminal abdominal segments of the embryo. The sensory neurons exhibit modality-specific axonal projections in the CNS. The axons of external sense (es) organ neurons, primarily tactile in function, are restricted to a particular region within each neuromere and exhibit a somatotopic mapping within the CNS. The axons of stretch-receptive chordotonal (ch) organs project into a discrete longitudinal fascicle. Sensory neurons with multiple-branched dendrites (md neurons) project into a separate fascicle. A small number of md neurons have distinctive dorsal-projecting axonal processes in the CNS. A classification of sensory neurons based on their axon morphology correlates closely with the identity of the proneural gene responsible for their generation, suggesting that proneural genes play a central role in determining neuronal identity in the PNS of the embryo.