Forsberg C M, Tedestam G
Department of Orthodontics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
Swed Dent J. 1993;17(5):183-90.
Etiological and predisposing factors related to traumatic injuries to permanent teeth were studied in an epidemiological material comprising 1610 children with 286 registered traumatic dental injuries. The results showed that (1) postnormal occlusion, (2) an overjet exceeding 4 mm, (3) short upper lip, (4) incompetent lips, and (5) mouth breathing were all factors which significantly increased susceptibility to traumatic dental injury. The average overjet in children with injuries limited to enamel fracture was 4.3 mm. In cases exhibiting more severe injuries (dentine fracture, pulp lesion, root fracture, exarticulation) the mean overjet was significantly greater, 5.0 mm. The most common causes for injury were 'falls and blows' which were recorded as etiological factors in 69.9% of the boys and in 86.7% of the girls. Dental injuries sustained during participation in sports were twice as common in boys (18.2%) as in girls (8.2%). The frequency of tooth injuries caused by traffic accidents was comparatively low, 9.7% in boys and 5.5% in girls.
在一项流行病学研究中，对1610名儿童的286例恒牙创伤性损伤进行了研究，分析了与恒牙创伤相关的病因和诱发因素。结果显示：（1）后正常咬合；（2）覆盖超过4毫米；（3）上唇短；（4）唇部功能不全；（5）口呼吸，均为显著增加牙外伤易感性的因素。仅釉质骨折的儿童平均覆盖为4.3毫米。在表现出更严重损伤（牙本质骨折、牙髓损伤、牙根骨折、脱位）的病例中，平均覆盖显著更大，为5.0毫米。最常见的损伤原因是“跌倒和撞击”，在69.9%的男孩和86.7%的女孩中被记录为病因。男孩在运动中遭受的牙外伤（18.2%）是女孩（8.2%）的两倍。交通事故导致的牙齿损伤频率相对较低，男孩为9.7%，女孩为5.5%。
