Richter J
Jugendärztlicher Dienst, Gesundheitsamtes, Stadt Görlitz.
Gesundheitswesen. 1994 Jul;56(7):389-93.
The causes of the most common diseases are now well known. This knowledge makes it possible to prevent them. Child mortality has been drastically reduced during the present century due to the eradication of infectious diseases. This target was reached by means of general immunization programmes and health education of the entire population. Other diseases were eliminated by changes of nutrition habits (gout) and by active substitution of vitamins (rickets) or by administration of minerals (caries, goitre). Diseases that are responsible for man not attaining his genetic life-span can only be eradicated by changing the style of living. With transmission of modern medical experience it is practicable to promote health and to avoid diseases. It is therefore indispensable to organize early recognition of diseases in children and juveniles, to implement full immunization programmes and to promote health education programmes for children, parents and teachers. Health promotion programmes are only effective if they reach the young people of the entire population. This is only possible through the Public Health service. Health promotion in this sense is no longer a fiction but an all-time duty of school doctors. A basic prerequisite for this function is permanent postgraduate medical education of school doctors and constant cooperation between physicians and educationalists.
最常见疾病的病因现已为人熟知。这些知识使预防这些疾病成为可能。由于传染病的根除，本世纪儿童死亡率已大幅降低。这一目标是通过全民免疫计划和对全体人口的健康教育实现的。其他疾病则通过改变营养习惯（痛风）、积极补充维生素（佝偻病）或补充矿物质（龋齿、甲状腺肿）得以消除。那些导致人类无法达到其遗传寿命的疾病，只有通过改变生活方式才能根除。随着现代医学经验的传播，促进健康和预防疾病是可行的。因此，组织对儿童和青少年疾病的早期识别、实施全面免疫计划以及为儿童、家长和教师开展健康教育计划是必不可少的。健康促进计划只有覆盖全体人口中的年轻人才会有效。这只有通过公共卫生服务才能实现。从这个意义上说，健康促进不再是空想，而是校医的一项长期职责。履行这一职责的一个基本前提是校医接受持续的毕业后医学教育，以及医生与教育工作者之间的持续合作。
