Monarca S, De Fusco R, Biscardi D, De Feo V, Pasquini R, Fatigoni C, Moretti M, Zanardini A
School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1994 Sep;32(9):783-8. doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(94)90153-8.
Coloured polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles for carbonated beverages were studied for potential migration of genotoxic compounds. A combined approach, using physicochemical methods and a bacterial short-term mutagenicity test (Ames test) was followed. Standard EEC and US FDA tests for total migration of non-volatile migrant compounds into distilled water were performed, together with modified tests, where freeze-drying instead of evaporation of water was used, in order to measure both volatile and non-volatile chemicals. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed on these residues. PET bottles filled with naturally carbonated mineral water were also used for long-term total organic carbon (TOC) and mutagenicity migration studies (up to 6 months' storage). Total migration results for PET bottles were within the EEC and US FDA limits. The use of freeze-drying for the elimination of water enabled much higher total migration data (higher than the limits) to be revealed. Some potentially genotoxic compounds (acetaldehyde, dimethyl terephthalate, terephthalic acid) were identified in these migrant compounds by GC-MS analysis. The tests for TOC migration gave a maximum value after 2 wk storage and the mutagenicity tests on non-volatile migrant compounds gave always negative results.
对碳酸饮料用彩色聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）瓶中遗传毒性化合物的潜在迁移进行了研究。采用了结合物理化学方法和细菌短期致突变性试验（艾姆斯试验）的综合方法。进行了标准的欧盟和美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）关于非挥发性迁移化合物向蒸馏水中总迁移的试验，以及改良试验，其中使用冷冻干燥而非水的蒸发来测量挥发性和非挥发性化学物质。对这些残留物进行了气相色谱 - 质谱（GC - MS）分析。装有天然碳酸矿泉水的PET瓶也用于长期总有机碳（TOC）和致突变性迁移研究（长达6个月的储存）。PET瓶的总迁移结果在欧盟和美国FDA的限值范围内。使用冷冻干燥去除水分能够揭示更高的总迁移数据（高于限值）。通过GC - MS分析在这些迁移化合物中鉴定出了一些潜在的遗传毒性化合物（乙醛、对苯二甲酸二甲酯、对苯二甲酸）。TOC迁移试验在储存2周后给出了最大值，对非挥发性迁移化合物的致突变性试验始终给出阴性结果。
