Smith L S, Bunch R
Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 1986 Oct;3(4):637-47.
The development of technical athletic footwear is based on two interrelated principles: injury prevention and enhanced performance. Most athletes are interested in and will benefit from shoes that prevent injuries. On the other hand, in many situations, competitive or elite athletes might be willing to accept the increased injury risk if the shoe can enhance performance. For these performance athletes, injury prevention may be a less important consideration. Emphasis can be placed on ultra-lightweight shoes which maximize energy return and do not restrict the desirable motions of the individual sport. Every sport demands a specific shoe. The process of new shoe development is similar to those categories already described: an understanding of the sport's biomechanics; an evaluation of the sport's injury patterns; prototype construction; wear-testing to insure fit, comfort, and playability; and manufacturing. Sports with large numbers of participants get the most attention, but lesser known sports demand the same detailed development. Softball, field hockey, boxing, and wrestling are, to name a few, sports which require specialty footwear. As our understanding improves in each sport, footwear technology and construction will follow.
预防损伤和提高性能。大多数运动员对能预防损伤的鞋子感兴趣并会从中受益。另一方面，在许多情况下，如果鞋子能提高性能，竞技或精英运动员可能愿意接受增加的受伤风险。对于这些追求性能的运动员来说，预防损伤可能是次要考虑因素。可以将重点放在超轻量级的鞋子上，这种鞋子能最大限度地提高能量回馈，且不会限制特定运动中所需的动作。每项运动都需要特定的鞋子。新鞋的开发过程与上述类别相似：了解运动的生物力学；评估运动中的损伤模式；制作原型；进行试穿测试以确保合脚性、舒适度和可操作性；以及制造。参与人数众多的运动最受关注，但一些不太知名的运动也需要同样细致的开发。比如垒球、曲棍球、拳击和摔跤等运动都需要特制的运动鞋。随着我们对每项运动的了解不断深入，鞋类技术和构造也会随之发展。
