Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran.
department of health management and economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
Ethiop J Health Sci. 2020 May;30(3):427-438. doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i3.14.
The trend of non-communicable diseases is alarmingly increasing and tobacco consumption and exposure to its smoke have been playing the leading role. Thirty-seven Ethiopians deaths per day are attributable to tobacco. Unless appropriately mitigated, this has social, economic and political impacts. Implementation of the appropriate policy is a good remedy; however, the policy process has never been straight forward and always successful. The involvement of different actors makes policy process complex hence agenda setting, policy formulation, implementation, and evaluations have been full of chaos and even may fail at any of these levels. Thus the aim of this review was retrospectively analyzing tobacco-related policies in Ethiopia that are relevant to control tobacco use and mitigate its impacts.
Systematically, we searched in pub-med, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase. Additionally, we did hand search on Google scholar and national websites. The terms "tobacco", "cigar", "cigarette", "control", "prevention", "policy" and "Ethiopia" were used. Eleven of 128 records met the inclusion criteria and then included. For data analysis, we applied the health policy analysis framework developed by Walt and Gilson.
Lately, Ethiopia enacted and started to implement tobacco control policies and programs, but its implementation is problematic and consumption rate is increasing.
Despite the early involvement in tobacco control initiatives and enactment of legal frameworks, Ethiopia's journey and current stand to prevent and control the devastating consequences of tobacco is very limited and unsatisfactory. Therefore, we strongly call for further action, strong involvement of private sector and non-governmental organizations.
非传染性疾病的趋势令人震惊地增加，而烟草消费和暴露于其烟雾则起着主导作用。每天有 37 名埃塞俄比亚人死于烟草。除非得到适当缓解，否则这将产生社会、经济和政治影响。实施适当的政策是一个很好的补救措施；然而，政策制定过程从来都不是一帆风顺的，也不总是成功的。不同行为者的参与使政策制定过程变得复杂，因此议程设置、政策制定、实施和评估都充满了混乱，甚至在这些层面中的任何一个层面都可能失败。因此，本次审查的目的是回顾性分析与控制烟草使用和减轻其影响相关的埃塞俄比亚烟草相关政策。
我们系统地在 pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Embase 中进行了搜索。此外，我们还在 Google scholar 和国家网站上进行了手动搜索。使用的术语有“烟草”、“雪茄”、“香烟”、“控制”、“预防”、“政策”和“埃塞俄比亚”。在 128 条记录中，有 11 条符合纳入标准，并随后被纳入。为了数据分析，我们应用了 Walt 和 Gilson 开发的卫生政策分析框架。
最近，埃塞俄比亚颁布并开始实施烟草控制政策和计划，但执行情况存在问题，消费率呈上升趋势。
尽管埃塞俄比亚很早就参与了烟草控制倡议并制定了法律框架，但它在预防和控制烟草毁灭性后果方面的进展和现状非常有限且令人不满意。因此，我们强烈呼吁采取进一步行动，私营部门和非政府组织的大力参与。
