Maas R P, Patch S C, Gagnon A M
Environmental Quality Institute, University of North Carolina at Asheville 28804.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1994 Sep;55(9):829-32. doi: 10.1080/15428119491018556.
A statistical analysis of water samples from over 12,000 school and workplace water coolers, bubblers, chillers, faucets, and ice makers determined that there is a substantial risk of excessive lead concentrations in first-draw water from sources of all types. Of all sources tested, 17.2% had lead concentrations in excess of 15 ppb. A comparison of lead concentrations by brand of water cooler was made for all manufacturers for which at least 50 samples were available. The percentage of water sources with first-draw lead concentrations above 15 ppb was reduced by 58%-84% by flushing the source prior to use. Special attention was given to determining the relationships between lead levels and factors such as water pH, water cooler age, and line purging. While each of these variables was found to be statistically significant, the overwhelming indication of this research is that testing individual water sources is apparently the only reliable way to determine whether a lead contamination problem exists.
对来自12000多个学校和工作场所的饮水机、饮水器、冷水机、水龙头和制冰机的水样进行的统计分析表明，所有类型水源的首次抽取水中铅浓度过高的风险很大。在所有测试的水源中，17.2%的铅浓度超过15 ppb。对所有至少有50个样本的制造商的饮水机品牌的铅浓度进行了比较。通过在使用前冲洗水源，首次抽取铅浓度高于15 ppb的水源百分比降低了58%-84%。特别关注确定铅含量与水的pH值、饮水机使用年限和管路冲洗等因素之间的关系。虽然发现这些变量中的每一个在统计上都具有显著性，但这项研究的压倒性迹象表明，检测单个水源显然是确定是否存在铅污染问题的唯一可靠方法。
