Biron C A
Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912.
Curr Opin Immunol. 1994 Aug;6(4):530-8. doi: 10.1016/0952-7915(94)90137-6.
A number of immune system components contribute to defense against viral infections. Although some of these overlap in part with those contributing to resistance against non-viral agents, the major anti-viral players comprise a unique subset. In particular, natural killer cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are prominent in defense against viruses. With the exception of interferon-alpha/beta, cytokine responses during viral infections have not been thoroughly characterized and are poorly understood with regard to in vivo expression and function. The availability of recombinant cytokines, assays to measure induced cytokine expression, and cytokine and cytokine receptor negative mice has made it possible to begin to characterize other factors contributing to defense and immune regulation during viral infections. Advances have been made in characterizing the expression and functions of interferon-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta, and IL-12. The results thus far suggest that there are at least three different stages of immune responses to viral infections and that unique cytokine profiles are associated with each of these stages.
许多免疫系统成分有助于抵御病毒感染。虽然其中一些在一定程度上与抵抗非病毒病原体的成分重叠，但主要的抗病毒成分构成了一个独特的子集。特别是，自然杀伤细胞和CD8 + 细胞毒性T细胞在抵御病毒方面表现突出。除了α/β干扰素外，病毒感染期间的细胞因子反应尚未得到充分表征，其在体内的表达和功能也知之甚少。重组细胞因子的可用性、测量诱导细胞因子表达的检测方法以及细胞因子和细胞因子受体阴性小鼠，使得开始表征病毒感染期间有助于防御和免疫调节的其他因素成为可能。在表征干扰素-γ、白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-4、白细胞介素-10、转化生长因子-β和白细胞介素-12的表达和功能方面已经取得了进展。迄今为止的结果表明，对病毒感染的免疫反应至少有三个不同阶段，并且每个阶段都有独特的细胞因子谱与之相关。
