Goto M P, Goldman A S
Craniofacial Center, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 1994 Aug;6(4):486-91. doi: 10.1097/00008480-199408000-00023.
Infants of diabetic mothers have three to four times the incidence of congenital malformations than that in the general population. These anomalies include defects of the neural tube, heart, urogenital system, skeleton and alimentary tract, and the caudal regression syndrome. The anomalies are considered to result from the maternal metabolic derangements. The mechanism has been suggested to involve a diminished turnover of phosphoinositide or arachidonic acid, or an excess of free oxygen radicals. As most of the anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers occur in the first few weeks of pregnancy, strict glycemic control beginning before conception appears mandated.
患有糖尿病的母亲所生婴儿出现先天性畸形的几率是普通人群的三到四倍。这些异常包括神经管、心脏、泌尿生殖系统、骨骼和消化道缺陷，以及尾椎退化综合征。这些异常被认为是由母亲的代谢紊乱导致的。有人提出其机制涉及磷酸肌醇或花生四烯酸的代谢周转减少，或自由基过多。由于患有糖尿病的母亲所生婴儿的大多数异常发生在怀孕的头几周，因此似乎必须在受孕前就开始严格控制血糖。
