Nebot M, Celentano D D, Burwell L, Davis A, Davis M, Polacsek M, Santelli J
Division of Behavioural Sciences and Health Education, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 1994 Aug;48(4):412-8. doi: 10.1136/jech.48.4.412.
The study aimed to investigate the influence the mode of administration of a questionnaire (telephone or face to face) on reports of sexual behaviour and attitudes of HIV risk among woman of reproductive age.
Two cross sectional surveys--one, a modified random digit dialing telephone survey, the second, a face to face street sample--were carried out by the same interviewers using similar questionnaires in the same neighbourhoods.
Two socially deprived, inner city neighbourhoods of Baltimore City were assessed in early 1990 before a community health intervention was carried out in one of them. Women between 17 and 35 years were surveyed.
Altogether 775 and 416 women in the target age group were interviewed by telephone and face to face methods: the response rates were 66.4% and 77% respectively. Telephone respondents tended to be older, had more education, were more often married, were less likely to live in subsidised housing, and were more likely to report HIV testing. The proportions of respondents who reported a previous abortion and had had a surgical sterilisation were higher among the telephone respondents (34.7% v 24.1% and 26.4% v 20.6%, respectively). With regard to sexual risk behaviour, the only statistically significant differences were found in the proportion who reported having used drugs (10.6% of the face to face v 2.4% of the telephone sample) or alcohol (30.5% v 16.3%) at last sexual intercourse. The observed method effect on these variables remained unchanged after adjusting for age, education, employment, and marital status. This effect was even stronger for a subgroup of face to face respondents who reported not having a telephone at home. The adjusted odds ratios for reporting alcohol consumption and use of drugs at the last sexual encounter in this group compared with the telephone respondents were 3.7 (2.1, 6.6) and 14.1 (5.7, 34.5) respectively.
Despite the socioeconomic bias associated with the mode of data collection, there are only a few differences between the telephone and personal survey methods in reports of sexual behaviour. These differences are mostly concentrated in young women (under 20 years), and in a particularly socioeconomically deprived subgroup identified through telephone ownership.
本研究旨在调查问卷调查方式（电话调查或面对面调查）对育龄女性性行为报告及艾滋病病毒感染风险态度的影响。
两项横断面调查——一项是改良随机数字拨号电话调查，另一项是面对面街头抽样调查——由相同的调查员在相同社区使用相似问卷进行。
1990年初，对巴尔的摩市两个社会贫困的市中心社区进行了评估，其中一个社区在评估后实施了社区健康干预措施。对17至35岁的女性进行了调查。
目标年龄组中分别有775名和416名女性接受了电话调查和面对面调查：回复率分别为66.4%和77%。电话调查的受访者往往年龄较大、受教育程度较高、已婚比例较高、居住在保障性住房中的可能性较小，且报告进行艾滋病病毒检测的可能性较大。报告曾堕胎和接受过绝育手术的受访者比例在电话调查受访者中更高（分别为34.7%对24.1%和26.4%对20.6%）。关于性风险行为，在最后一次性交时报告使用过毒品（面对面调查样本中的10.6%对电话调查样本中的2.4%）或酒精（30.5%对16.3%）的比例是唯一具有统计学显著差异的方面。在对年龄、教育程度、就业状况和婚姻状况进行调整后，观察到的调查方式对这些变量的影响保持不变。对于报告家中没有电话的面对面调查受访者亚组，这种影响更为明显。与电话调查受访者相比，该组在最后一次性交时报告饮酒和使用毒品的调整后优势比分别为3.7（2.1，6.6）和14.1（5.7，34.5）。
尽管数据收集方式存在社会经济偏差，但电话调查和个人调查方式在性行为报告方面仅有少数差异。这些差异大多集中在年轻女性（20岁以下）以及通过电话拥有情况确定的一个特别社会经济贫困亚组中。
