Crump K L, McIntyre I M, Drummer O H
Victorian Institute of Forensic Pathology, Monash University, South Melbourne, Australia.
J Anal Toxicol. 1994 Jul-Aug;18(4):208-12. doi: 10.1093/jat/18.4.208.
The separation and identification of morphine and codeine from postmortem blood and bile was accomplished using a liquid-phase extraction method followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with combined UV and fluorescence detection. Identification of morphine and codeine was based on relative retention time matching with calibration standards, together with their fluorescence-to-UV response ratios. Linear calibration curves for morphine and codeine ranged from 0.10 to 3.0 mg/L for blood and 5.0 to 100 mg/L for bile. Morphine concentrations (in autopsy cases), where the intravenous use of heroin or morphine was suspected as the cause of death, were 0.10-0.89 mg/L (mean, 0.29 mg/L) for blood and 3.3-112 mg/L (mean, 38 mg/L) for bile. Codeine concentrations, where therapeutic use or overdosage of codeine occurred, were 0.06-6.4 mg/L (mean, 1.5 mg/L) in blood and 0.22-89 mg/L (mean, 24 mg/L) in bile. This method allowed simultaneous detection of morphine and codeine from blood and bile with little interference from extraneous peaks. The procedure described provides a selective, sensitive, accurate, and reliable method suitable for both clinical and forensic toxicology.
采用液液萃取法，随后进行反相高效液相色谱并结合紫外和荧光检测，实现了从死后血液和胆汁中分离和鉴定吗啡与可待因。吗啡和可待因的鉴定基于与校准标准品的相对保留时间匹配，以及它们的荧光与紫外响应比。吗啡和可待因的线性校准曲线在血液中为0.10至3.0 mg/L，在胆汁中为5.0至100 mg/L。在怀疑静脉注射海洛因或吗啡导致死亡的尸检案例中，血液中的吗啡浓度为0.10 - 0.89 mg/L（均值为0.29 mg/L），胆汁中的吗啡浓度为3.3 - 112 mg/L（均值为38 mg/L）。在发生可待因治疗使用或过量使用的情况下，血液中的可待因浓度为0.06 - 6.4 mg/L（均值为1.5 mg/L），胆汁中的可待因浓度为0.22 - 89 mg/L（均值为24 mg/L）。该方法能够同时检测血液和胆汁中的吗啡和可待因，且几乎不受外来峰的干扰。所描述的程序提供了一种适用于临床和法医毒理学的选择性、灵敏性、准确性和可靠性均良好的方法。
