Hesketh J
Division of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK.
Mol Biol Rep. 1994 May;19(3):233-43. doi: 10.1007/BF00986965.
This review describes the critical evidence that in eukaryotic cells polyribosomes, mRNAs and components of the protein synthetic machinery are associated with the cytoskeleton. The role of microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments are discussed; at present most evidence suggests that polyribosomes interact with the actin filaments. The use of non-ionic detergent/deoxycholate treatment in the isolation of cytoskeletal-bound polysomes is described and the conclusion reached that at low salt concentrations this leads to mixed preparations of polysomes derived from both the cytoskeleton and the endoplasmic reticulum. At present the best approach for isolation of cytoskeletal-bound polysomes appears to involve extraction with salt concentrations greater than 130 mM after an initial non-ionic detergent treatment. Such polysomes appear to be enriched in certain mRNAs and thus it is suggested that they are involved in translation of a unique set of proteins. The evidence for mRNA localisation is presented and the role of the cytoskeleton in transport and localisation of RNA discussed. Recent data on the role of the 3' untranslated region in the targeting of mRNAs both to particular regions of the cell and for translation on cytoskeletal-bound polysomes is described. The hypothesis is developed that the association of polysomes with the cytoskeleton is the basis of a mechanism for the targeting of mRNAs and the compartmentalization of protein synthesis.
本综述描述了关键证据，即在真核细胞中多核糖体、mRNA和蛋白质合成机制的组分与细胞骨架相关。文中讨论了微管、中间丝和微丝的作用；目前大多数证据表明多核糖体与肌动蛋白丝相互作用。描述了在分离与细胞骨架结合的多核糖体时使用非离子去污剂/脱氧胆酸盐处理的方法，并得出结论，在低盐浓度下，这会导致来自细胞骨架和内质网的多核糖体的混合制剂。目前，分离与细胞骨架结合的多核糖体的最佳方法似乎是在最初的非离子去污剂处理后，用浓度大于130 mM的盐进行提取。这样的多核糖体似乎富含某些mRNA，因此有人认为它们参与了一组独特蛋白质的翻译。文中介绍了mRNA定位的证据，并讨论了细胞骨架在RNA运输和定位中的作用。描述了关于3'非翻译区在将mRNA靶向细胞特定区域以及在与细胞骨架结合的多核糖体上进行翻译方面作用的最新数据。提出了一个假说，即多核糖体与细胞骨架之间的关联是mRNA靶向和蛋白质合成区室化机制的基础。
