Moore C M
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.
Percept Psychophys. 1994 Aug;56(2):133-47. doi: 10.3758/bf03213892.
Responses to recently ignored stimuli are often slower than responses to new stimuli. This slowing--referred to as negative priming--has been cited as evidence that selective attention occurs, in part, through inhibition of the processing of irrelevant information, and that selection can occur at postcategorical levels of processing. While negative priming has been observed under a variety of conditions, the slowing can fail to occur if there is no information present that conflicts directly with the correct response. The failure of negative priming to occur under these conditions could provide insight into the specific source of the slowing. In five experiments, the effects of conflicting and non-conflicting information on negative priming were investigated. The results suggest that negative priming will fail to occur under nonconflict conditions only if it is quite apparent that no conflicting information is present. It is suggested that negative priming may be associated with a specific part of the selection process that is involved in protecting the person from making a response based on incorrect information, and that this process only sometimes contributes to reaction time.
对近期被忽视刺激的反应往往比对新刺激的反应更慢。这种反应变慢——被称为负启动——被引为证据，表明选择性注意部分是通过抑制无关信息的处理而发生的，并且选择可以在分类后的处理水平上进行。虽然在各种条件下都观察到了负启动，但如果没有与正确反应直接冲突的信息，反应变慢可能不会发生。在这些条件下负启动未能出现，这可以为反应变慢的具体根源提供线索。在五个实验中，研究了冲突信息和非冲突信息对负启动的影响。结果表明，只有在非常明显没有冲突信息的情况下，负启动才会在非冲突条件下不出现。有人提出，负启动可能与选择过程的一个特定部分有关，这个部分参与保护个体避免基于错误信息做出反应，并且这个过程只是有时会影响反应时间。
