Blackson T C, Tarter R E
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1994 Aug;18(4):813-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00044.x.
In this study, a multifactorial model of liability to early-age alcohol and drug use was elucidated on a sample of sons of substance-abusing fathers (n = 59) and sons of normal fathers (n = 71) at time 1 when the boys were 10-12 years of age. Three hierarchical regression analyses were computed to test models to identify salient risk characteristics associated with sons' perception of family dysfunction unconventional activities among peers, and affiliation with peers engaged in delinquent behaviors. The respective models explained 28% of the variance on sons' Dysfunctional Family Index scores, 21% of the variance on sons' Conventional Activities of Friends Scale scores, and 53% of the variance was accounted for on sons' Peer Delinquency Scale scores. In subsequent logistic regression analyses, a multifactorial model comprised of individual, family, and peer risk characteristics obtained at time 1 correctly predicted 83.7% of sons who had used alcohol and/or drugs by time 2 when they were 12-14 years old. The findings also suggest that temperament phenotype influences family interaction patterns that in turn influence the psychosocial development of the child.
在本研究中，针对滥用药物父亲的儿子（n = 59）和正常父亲的儿子（n = 71）组成的样本，在男孩10 - 12岁时的时间点1，阐明了早期饮酒和吸毒易感性的多因素模型。进行了三次层次回归分析以检验模型，以识别与儿子对家庭功能失调的认知、同龄人中的非常规活动以及与参与犯罪行为的同龄人的交往相关的显著风险特征。相应模型分别解释了儿子功能失调家庭指数得分方差的28%、儿子朋友常规活动量表得分方差的21%以及儿子同伴犯罪量表得分方差的53%。在随后的逻辑回归分析中，由时间点1获得的个体、家庭和同伴风险特征组成的多因素模型正确预测了83.7%在时间点2（12 - 14岁）时已使用酒精和/或毒品的儿子。研究结果还表明，气质表型会影响家庭互动模式，进而影响儿童的心理社会发展。
