Life stress, depression and attempted suicide.

This paper summarizes a series of controlled studies into the relationship of life events to depression and to suicide attempts. Life events, particularly exit events and events regarded as undesirable, tend to cluster prior to onset of depression. These findings are supported by comparisons with general population controls, depressives after recovery, other patient groups, and by studies of relapse. Interactions with predisposing and biological causes are probably of great importance. Suicide attempters are a rather different patient group and they experience a particularly striking accumulation of threatening events. There is a marked peaking of events in the month before the attempt, suggesting a crisis response and the potential relevance of crisis intervention techniques.