Bandman E L
Hunter College, City University of New York.
Geriatrics. 1994 Dec;49(12):46-51; quiz 52-3.
Medicine is a moral endeavor concerned with the good of treating those who are ill. An ethical decision is the justifiable response to a "should" question, with consequences of good or harm. Three conditions are necessary for a patient to share in making an ethical decision: competence, voluntariness, and knowledge related to the condition of illness. In cases of incapacity, either the standard of substitute judgment or of best interest may be applied. Ideally, an ethical decision is a shared decision between providers and patients. In cases of conflict, continuing communication and dialogue are morally superior to the use of power.
医学是一项关乎治疗患者福祉的道德事业。伦理决策是对“应该”问题的合理回应，会产生有益或有害的后果。患者参与伦理决策需要具备三个条件：能力、自愿性以及与病情相关的知识。在患者无行为能力的情况下，可以适用替代判断标准或最佳利益标准。理想情况下，伦理决策是医疗服务提供者和患者之间的共同决策。在出现冲突的情况下，持续的沟通和对话在道德上优于使用权力。
