Schulkin J, McEwen B S, Gold P W
Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1994 Fall;18(3):385-96. doi: 10.1016/0149-7634(94)90051-5.
Regions of the amygdala are involved in anticipation of negative events. Chronic anticipation of negative events leads to what we call allostatic load, or arousal pathology. Two hormones appear to be involved in arousal pathology; corticotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and glucocorticoids. We suggest that increases in corticotropin-releasing hormone, by stress or glucocorticoids, in the amygdala may have functional consequences for allostatic load. Whereas, corticotropin-releasing hormone in the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is decreased by glucocorticoids thereby under negative feedback and homeostatic control, the central nucleus of the amygdala is to some extent under positive feedback and is increased by glucocorticoids, and perhaps under allostatic control. The human and animal literature suggest that a variety of psychopathologies (e.g., melancholia) may be tied to neurohormonal signals activating regions of the amygdala.
杏仁核的区域参与对负面事件的预期。长期对负面事件的预期会导致我们所说的应激负荷或唤醒病理状态。有两种激素似乎与唤醒病理状态有关；大脑中的促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素和糖皮质激素。我们认为，应激或糖皮质激素导致杏仁核中促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素增加，可能对应激负荷产生功能性影响。下丘脑室旁核小细胞区域的促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素会因糖皮质激素而减少，从而处于负反馈和稳态控制之下，而杏仁核中央核在某种程度上处于正反馈之下，会因糖皮质激素而增加，可能处于应激控制之下。人类和动物文献表明，多种精神病理学（如忧郁症）可能与激活杏仁核区域的神经激素信号有关。
