Expression and chromosomal mapping of the gene encoding the human histone H1.1.

The expression of a human histone H1 isoform (H1.1) was studied in several human tissues. Northern blot analysis has revealed that this gene is expressed in testis and thymus, but not in other human tissues. In this report, we demonstrate that the expression of the histone H1.1 gene in human testis is restricted to early round spermatids that belong to the fraction of postmeiotic sperm cells. Transcripts hybridizing with the human H1.1 gene could not be detected in testis of mouse, rat, bull or boar. Southern blot analysis with human genomic DNA, DNA from different Old World monkeys (chimpanzee, orangutan, gorilla and rhesus monkey) and DNA from several mammalian species has revealed that the histone H1.1 gene is highly conserved in higher primates, whereas no cross-hybridization can be detected with DNA from other mammalian species such as mouse, rat, hamster or bull. In a previous report, the human histone H1.1 gene and other H1 genes (H1.2-H1.5, H1t) were assigned to chromosome 6 by polymerase chain reaction analysis using human-rodent cell hybrid DNA; fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that these genes form part of a major gene cluster on the short arm of chromosome 6. We have confirmed the localization of histone H1.1 to chromosome 6 and have regionally assigned the locus to 6p21.3 by radioactive in situ hybridization.