Fox E
University College Dublin, Ireland.
Percept Psychophys. 1994 Nov;56(5):565-74. doi: 10.3758/bf03206952.
The relation between distractor interference and negative priming from identical distractors was examined in two experiments. Subjects responded to a target letter, which was indicated by an adjacent bar marker, and attempted to ignore a distracting letter. On prime trials, distracting letters were either compatible or incompatible with the target, allowing for a measure of interference. On subsequent probe trials, previously ignored distractors were sometimes presented as targets, allowing for a measure of negative priming. Reducing the spatial separation between targets and distractors on the prime trial increased the magnitude of interference and negative priming, but these effects appeared to be independent of each other (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the prime target location was precued on some trials, but not on others. Precuing attenuated the magnitude of interference, but not that of negative priming effects. This pattern indicates that measures of negative priming and measures of distractor interference on the immediately preceding trial are independent. The results are discussed in terms of a selective inhibition model of selective attention.
在两项实验中，研究了干扰项干扰与来自相同干扰项的负启动之间的关系。受试者对由相邻条形标记指示的目标字母做出反应，并试图忽略干扰字母。在启动试验中，干扰字母与目标字母要么兼容，要么不兼容，从而可以衡量干扰程度。在随后的探测试验中，之前被忽略的干扰项有时会作为目标呈现，从而可以衡量负启动。在启动试验中减小目标与干扰项之间的空间间隔会增加干扰和负启动的程度，但这些效应似乎相互独立（实验1）。在实验2中，在一些试验中预先提示了启动目标的位置，但在其他试验中没有。预先提示减弱了干扰的程度，但没有减弱负启动效应的程度。这种模式表明，负启动的测量与紧接在前的试验中干扰项干扰的测量是独立的。根据选择性注意的选择性抑制模型对结果进行了讨论。
