Fuentes L J, Humphreys G W, Agis I F, Carmona E, Catena A
Departamento de Psicología Experimental y Psicobiología, Universidad de Almería, Spain.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1998 Apr;24(2):664-72. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.24.2.664.
In 5 experiments the authors examine the role of object-based grouping on negative priming. The experiments used a letter-matching task with multiple letters presented in temporally separated prime and probe displays. On mismatch trials, distractor letters in primes were repeated as targets in probes, or distractor and target letters were completely different. Negative priming was shown by slowed responses when distractors were repeated as targets relative to when the stimuli differed. This occurred both when only letters were presented (Experiments 1 and 4) and when letters were surrounded by boxes (Experiment 5). Experiments 2, 3, and 4 showed that negative priming was affected by the grouping of target and distractor letters in prime displays. Negative priming was reduced when 1 of the distractor letters was placed in the target box and 1 was left outside the box; facilitatory priming was observed when both distractor letters appeared in the target box. The data were accounted for in terms of there being (a) object-based competition for visual selection, (b) inhibition of distractor objects that compete for selection with target objects, and (c) activation or inhibition of the identities of all component elements within target or distractor objects.
在5个实验中，作者研究了基于客体的分组对负启动效应的作用。实验采用字母匹配任务，在时间上分开呈现的启动刺激和探测刺激中呈现多个字母。在不匹配试验中，启动刺激中的干扰字母在探测刺激中作为目标重复出现，或者干扰字母和目标字母完全不同。当干扰字母作为目标重复出现时，相对于刺激不同时，反应变慢，这表明了负启动效应。当只呈现字母时（实验1和4）以及当字母被方框包围时（实验5），这种情况都会发生。实验2、3和4表明，负启动效应受启动刺激中目标字母和干扰字母分组的影响。当一个干扰字母放在目标方框内而另一个留在方框外时，负启动效应减弱；当两个干扰字母都出现在目标方框内时，观察到促进性启动效应。这些数据可以从以下方面来解释：（a）基于客体的视觉选择竞争；（b）对与目标客体竞争选择的干扰客体的抑制；（c）目标或干扰客体内所有组成元素身份的激活或抑制。
