Gerberding J L
Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), University of California, San Francisco.
J Infect Dis. 1994 Dec;170(6):1410-7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/170.6.1410.
In a 10-year dynamic cohort study, 976 health care providers were followed a mean of 1.9 years to evaluate the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, delayed seroconversion, and seronegative latent infection following occupational exposures. The seroprevalence and incidence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were also measured, with annual serologic testing for viruses and postexposure HIV tests. One of 327 percutaneous exposures (0.31%; confidence interval, 0.008%-1.69%) and 0 of 398 mucocutaneous exposures to HIV-infected blood transmitted HIV. Neither delayed seroconversions nor seronegative latent infections were detected. The baseline seroprevalences of HBV, HIV, HCV, and CMV infection were 21.7%, 0, 1.4%, and 43.4%, respectively. Corresponding incidence density rates were 3.05, 0.055, 0.08, and 2.48 (per 100 person-years). Despite infection control precautions and availability of hepatitis B vaccine, these health care providers remain at risk for acquiring bloodborne viral infections.
在一项为期10年的动态队列研究中，对976名医护人员进行了平均1.9年的随访，以评估职业暴露后感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、血清转化延迟和血清阴性潜伏感染的风险。还对HIV、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的血清流行率和发病率进行了测量，每年进行病毒血清学检测和暴露后HIV检测。327次经皮暴露中有1次（0.31%；置信区间为0.008%-1.69%），398次黏膜暴露于HIV感染血液中无一例传播HIV。未检测到血清转化延迟或血清阴性潜伏感染。HBV、HIV、HCV和CMV感染的基线血清流行率分别为21.7%、0、1.4%和43.4%。相应的发病密度率分别为3.05、0.055、0.08和2.48（每100人年）。尽管采取了感染控制预防措施并可获得乙型肝炎疫苗，但这些医护人员仍有感染血源病毒的风险。
