Macfarlane G J, Lowenfels A B
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 1994 Sep;3(5):393-8. doi: 10.1097/00008469-199409000-00002.
Heart disease and cancer, the major causes of mortality and morbidity in Western countries, have common risk factors. Exercise appears to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, but its role with respect to primary prevention of cancer has not been emphasized. Here we evaluate the epidemiological studies dealing with exercise and colon cancer. Despite the fact that different methods of assessing the amount of typical exercise of individuals and the different types of physical activity measured (occupational and recreational), there is remarkably consistent evidence that people who are highly physically active could be at a reduced risk of cancer of the colon. An analysis of case-control and cohort studies suggests that exercise might reduce the risk, at least in men, by up to one-third. We conclude that exercise has been overlooked as a potentially useful, effective, and acceptable method for reducing the risk of colon cancer.
心脏病和癌症是西方国家主要的致死和致病原因，它们有着共同的风险因素。运动似乎能降低心血管疾病的风险，但其在癌症一级预防方面的作用尚未得到重视。在此，我们评估了有关运动与结肠癌的流行病学研究。尽管评估个体日常运动量的方法各异，且所测量的体力活动类型不同（职业性和娱乐性），但有显著一致的证据表明，体力活动水平高的人患结肠癌的风险可能会降低。对病例对照研究和队列研究的分析表明，运动可能会降低风险，至少在男性中，风险可降低三分之一。我们得出结论，运动作为一种降低结肠癌风险的潜在有用、有效且可接受的方法，一直被忽视。
