Kohen-Raz R, Kohen-Raz A, Erel J, Davidson B, Caine Y, Froom P
Israel Air Force Aeromedical Center, Tel Hashomer.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1994 Apr;65(4):323-6.
Postural control may reflect the pilot's ability to deal successfully with the stresses of spatial orientation. In this study, we hypothesized that fighter pilots would have better performance on the "tetra-axiametric posture test" than would helicopter pilots (less rigorously selected) and candidates for flight training. We tested 28 fighter pilots, 23 helicopter pilots and 43 candidates by tetra-axiametric posturography. Fighter pilots were found on the level position to have significantly more compensatory anterior-posterior sway (moving anterior-posterior rather than laterally, p = 0.02) and required less movements to maintain balance (p = 0.02) than did candidates. Helicopter pilots had intermediate values. In stressed positions, fighter pilots demonstrated relatively more slow movements (p = 0.018) than did the candidates, which may be related to increased labyrinth control. In the stressed positions, helicopter pilots had postural profiles similar to the candidates. We conclude that there are significant differences in postural control as tested by tetraaxiametric posturography between fighter pilots, helicopter pilots, and candidates for flight training. This could be due to either innate ability, which could be used in the selection process, or to training. A prospective study is planned in order to determine if posturography can predict a candidate's ability to complete flight training.
姿势控制可能反映飞行员成功应对空间定向压力的能力。在本研究中，我们假设战斗机飞行员在“四轴姿势测试”中的表现会优于直升机飞行员（选拔标准没那么严格）和飞行训练候选人。我们通过四轴姿势描记法对28名战斗机飞行员、23名直升机飞行员和43名候选人进行了测试。结果发现，在水平位置时，战斗机飞行员相较于候选人有明显更多的前后补偿性摆动（前后移动而非左右移动，p = 0.02），且维持平衡所需的动作更少（p = 0.02）。直升机飞行员的各项数值处于中间水平。在应激位置时，战斗机飞行员相较于候选人表现出相对更多的缓慢动作（p = 0.018），这可能与增强的迷路控制有关。在应激位置时，直升机飞行员的姿势特征与候选人相似。我们得出结论，通过四轴姿势描记法测试，战斗机飞行员、直升机飞行员和飞行训练候选人在姿势控制方面存在显著差异。这可能是由于先天能力（可用于选拔过程）或训练所致。计划开展一项前瞻性研究，以确定姿势描记法能否预测候选人完成飞行训练的能力。
