Tegeris J S, Balster R L
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0310.
Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1994 Feb;22(2):240-50. doi: 10.1006/faat.1994.1028.
The acute neurobehavioral effects of six alkylbenzenes (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, m-xylene, and cumene) were evaluated after 20-min inhalation exposures using a functional observational battery (FOB) in mice. In order to do this, an explicit protocol for the FOB developed for rats by Moser was adapted for use in mice with inhalation exposures. All six alkylbenzenes, in the concentration range of 2000 to 8000 ppm, produced a nearly identical profile of effects, a profile that was also produced by ip administration of the central nervous system depressant drug pentobarbital. These effects included changes in posture, decreased arousal and rearing, increased ease of handling, disturbances of gait, mobility, and righting reflex, decreased forelimb grip strength, increased landing foot splay, and impaired psychomotor coordination. The response to various sensory stimuli was also decreased by the alkylbenzenes and pentobarbital. These acute effects of alkylbenzenes were short-lived, with recovery beginning within minutes of removal from the exposure chamber. The finding that the alkylbenzenes produce a profile of neurobehavioral effects similar to that of pentobarbital is consistent with a growing body of other evidence that many solvents produce a profile of acute effects similar to that of central nervous system depressant drugs and ethanol.
在小鼠中，通过功能观察组合测试（FOB）评估了六种烷基苯（苯、甲苯、乙苯、丙苯、间二甲苯和异丙苯）在吸入暴露20分钟后的急性神经行为效应。为此，将Moser为大鼠开发的FOB明确方案进行了调整，以用于吸入暴露的小鼠。所有六种烷基苯在2000至8000 ppm的浓度范围内产生了几乎相同的效应特征，静脉注射中枢神经系统抑制药物戊巴比妥也产生了这种特征。这些效应包括姿势改变、觉醒和竖毛减少、易于处理、步态、活动能力和翻正反射障碍、前肢握力下降、着陆脚展宽增加以及精神运动协调受损。烷基苯和戊巴比妥也降低了对各种感觉刺激的反应。烷基苯的这些急性效应是短暂的，在从暴露室移出几分钟内就开始恢复。烷基苯产生的神经行为效应特征与戊巴比妥相似，这一发现与越来越多的其他证据一致，即许多溶剂产生的急性效应特征与中枢神经系统抑制药物和乙醇相似。
