Bowen S E, Wiley J L, Evans E B, Tokarz M E, Balster R L
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0613, USA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1996 Sep-Oct;18(5):577-85. doi: 10.1016/0892-0362(96)00064-5.
Several recent reports have demonstrated that acute solvent exposure in animals produces a profile of neurobehavioral effects similar to that of classical CNS depressant drugs such as the barbiturates and ethanol. The present investigation further delineated the behavioral pharmacology of three solvents [1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE), ether, and flurothyl] using a functional observational battery (FOB) composed of 21 qualitative and quantitative measures of behavior. The profiles of acute effects produced by TCE and ether were similar to one another and similar to the profile of effects produced by the IP administration of ethanol. This profile of depressant effects included changes in posture, decreased arousal, disturbances in gait, decreased forelimb grip strength, increased landing foot splay, and impaired psychomotor coordination. Flurothyl exposure also produced dose-related effects on many of the measures in the FOB; however, unlike the depressant vapors, flurothyl did not affect measures of muscle tone and equilibrium such as forelimb grip strength and landing foot splay, or measures of sensorimotor reactivity, including the touch response and tail pinch response. In addition, flurothyl produced handling-induced convulsions in some mice. Recovery from the acute effects of these vapors was rapid and began within minutes of removal from the exposure chamber. These results provide further evidence that exposure to certain solvents produces a profile of reversible effects qualitatively similar to that produced by depressant drugs and alcohol, and that the FOB can be used to compare and contrast profiles of depressant and excitatory effects of inhalants.
最近的几份报告表明，动物急性接触溶剂会产生一系列神经行为效应，类似于巴比妥类药物和乙醇等经典中枢神经系统抑制药物所产生的效应。本研究使用由21项定性和定量行为测量组成的功能性观察组合（FOB），进一步描述了三种溶剂[1,1,1-三氯乙烷（TCE）、乙醚和氟替尔]的行为药理学。TCE和乙醚产生的急性效应概况彼此相似，且与腹腔注射乙醇产生的效应概况相似。这种抑制效应概况包括姿势改变、觉醒降低、步态紊乱、前肢抓握力降低、着陆脚间距增加以及精神运动协调性受损。接触氟替尔也对FOB中的许多测量指标产生剂量相关效应；然而，与抑制性蒸气不同的是，氟替尔不影响肌肉张力和平衡的测量指标，如前肢抓握力和着陆脚间距，也不影响感觉运动反应性的测量指标，包括触觉反应和夹尾反应。此外，氟替尔在一些小鼠中产生了处理诱导的惊厥。这些蒸气的急性效应恢复迅速，在从暴露室移出后几分钟内就开始了。这些结果进一步证明，接触某些溶剂会产生一系列可逆效应，在质量上与抑制性药物和酒精产生的效应相似，并且FOB可用于比较和对比吸入剂的抑制性和兴奋性效应概况。
