MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Aug 5;43(30):545-8.
Since the late 1970s, ongoing contamination of the U.S. environment by lead has been substantially reduced as major uses of lead in house paint, gasoline, water-distribution systems, and food cans have been eliminated or reduced (1). During the 1980s, blood lead data from both selected populations and convenience samples indicated a continuation of the decline in blood lead levels (BLLs) (2) observed during 1976-1980 during the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (3). However, research during the past two decades has demonstrated adverse health effects at BLLs previously considered to be safe (1). This report summarizes estimates of BLLs in the U.S. population from Phase 1 of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), compares these estimates to those from NHANES II, and examines demographic patterns of BLLs among children aged 1-5 years (4,5).
自20世纪70年代末以来，由于含铅室内涂料、汽油、供水系统和食品罐头的主要用途已被消除或减少，美国环境中铅的持续污染已大幅降低(1)。在20世纪80年代，来自特定人群和便利样本的血铅数据表明，血铅水平(BLLs)持续下降(2)，这一趋势在1976 - 1980年第二次全国健康和营养检查调查(NHANES II)(3)期间就已被观察到。然而，过去二十年的研究表明，在以前认为安全的血铅水平下也会产生不良健康影响(1)。本报告总结了第三次全国健康和营养检查调查(NHANES III)第一阶段美国人群血铅水平的估计值，将这些估计值与NHANES II的估计值进行比较，并研究了1 - 5岁儿童血铅水平的人口统计学模式(4,5)。
