ChemRisk, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2011 Jun;84(5):513-22. doi: 10.1007/s00420-011-0624-9. Epub 2011 Mar 24.
This study investigated the association between geographic region and blood lead levels (BLLs) in US children, as well as trends in this relationship, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
SAS® and SUDAAN® software programs were utilized to develop linear regression models adjusted for several factors associated with BLLs.
The largest decline in BLLs was observed in Northeastern children, while the percentage of children with elevated blood lead levels decreased the most for the West and Northeast. Lead levels of Northeastern children were still higher than those of children living in the West. However, levels were not different among children residing in the Northeast, Midwest, and South, and the blood lead concentrations were less than 5 μg/dL for all but one subgroup of children and less than 2 μg/dL for >70% of the subgroups. More importantly, the effects of different risk factors for higher blood lead levels varied by region even after adjusting for all other covariates.
The results of this study not only provide relevant and current blood lead levels for US children that can be used as reference values to evaluate biomonitoring data, but can also be used to help direct prevention and surveillance strategies to reduce lead in the environment of at-risk children.
本研究利用来自国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，调查了美国儿童的地理区域与血铅水平（BLL）之间的关系，以及这种关系的趋势。
使用 SAS® 和 SUDAAN® 软件程序，开发了调整与 BLL 相关的多个因素的线性回归模型。
BLL 下降幅度最大的是东北部的儿童，而血铅水平升高的儿童百分比下降幅度最大的是西部和东北部。东北部儿童的血铅水平仍然高于西部儿童。然而，居住在东北部、中西部和南部的儿童之间的水平没有差异，除了一个亚组的儿童外，所有亚组的血铅浓度都低于 5μg/dL，超过 70%的亚组的血铅浓度都低于 2μg/dL。更重要的是，即使在调整了所有其他协变量后，不同的高血铅水平危险因素的影响在不同地区也存在差异。
本研究的结果不仅为美国儿童提供了相关和当前的血铅水平，可以用作评估生物监测数据的参考值，还可以帮助指导预防和监测策略，以减少高危儿童环境中的铅。
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