Backett K, Davison C, Mullen K
Research Unit in Health and Behavioural Change, University of Edinburgh.
Br J Gen Pract. 1994 Jun;44(383):277-80.
The maintenance of good health in the well population is an important goal of modern general practice. This often takes the form of encouraging patients to lead healthier lives, particularly where diet, exercise, alcohol and smoking are concerned. The fact that many people appear not to follow 'healthy lifestyle' advice suggests that more needs to be known about how relatively simple health promotion messages are understood and evaluated by the lay public. In this paper, findings from three independent qualitative social research projects in Scotland and Wales are analysed together. As qualitative social research is usually carried out with small numbers of informants, the work reported here represents an unusual opportunity for a large amount of interview and observational data to be analysed. The findings indicate that lay evaluation processes use subtle ideas of balance to weigh up the desirability of behaviour change, and that the practice of 'trading-off' positive and negative aspects of health-related behaviour is widespread. Conclusions for health promotion in the general practice setting are drawn. In particular it is suggested that the local knowledge held by the primary care team, and the opportunities for one-to-one interaction which exist in the general practice setting, are extremely important resources, given the highly personal nature of public evaluations of lifestyle change.
在健康人群中维持良好健康状况是现代全科医疗的一个重要目标。这通常表现为鼓励患者过上更健康的生活，尤其是在饮食、运动、饮酒和吸烟方面。许多人似乎并未遵循“健康生活方式”建议，这一事实表明，对于相对简单的健康促进信息如何被普通大众理解和评估，我们还需要了解更多。在本文中，对苏格兰和威尔士三个独立的定性社会研究项目的结果进行了综合分析。由于定性社会研究通常针对少数受访者开展，本文所报告的工作提供了一个难得的机会，得以分析大量的访谈和观察数据。研究结果表明，普通大众的评估过程运用了微妙的平衡观念来权衡行为改变的可取性，而且在健康相关行为的正负方面进行“权衡”的做法很普遍。文章得出了全科医疗环境中健康促进的结论。特别是鉴于公众对生活方式改变的评估具有高度个性化的性质，建议基层医疗团队所拥有的本地知识以及全科医疗环境中存在的一对一互动机会是极其重要的资源。
