Ottery F D
Cancer Pract. 1994 Mar-Apr;2(2):123-31.
Cachexia is the most common paraneoplastic syndrome of malignancy and is characterized by anorexia, early satiety, severe body compositional change with weight loss, adipose and muscle loss, weakness (asthenia), anemia, and edema. Cause of death in as many as 20% of patients with cancer is associated with tumor-induced and treatment-related malnutrition and inanition. Early diagnosis of cancer malnutrition often is missed because of lack of attention by the oncology team. The importance of understanding the basics of nutritional oncology by the entire healthcare team (physician, nurse, pharmacist, dietitian, social worker, physical and speech therapists) and the patient and family is outlined with practical interventions being specified. An algorithm for an optimal nutritional approach in patients with cancer is included, with emphasis on early diagnosis and intervention for maintenance of nutritional, body compositional, and functional status of the oncology patients. Quality-of-life issues, pharmacologic intervention in cachexia, and necessity of cooperative oncology group involvement in nutritional oncology are discussed.
恶病质是恶性肿瘤最常见的副肿瘤综合征，其特征为厌食、早饱、伴有体重减轻的严重身体成分改变、脂肪和肌肉流失、虚弱（乏力）、贫血和水肿。多达20%的癌症患者死因与肿瘤诱导及治疗相关的营养不良和消瘦有关。由于肿瘤学团队缺乏关注，癌症营养不良的早期诊断常常被漏诊。概述了整个医疗团队（医生、护士、药剂师、营养师、社会工作者、物理治疗师和言语治疗师）以及患者和家属了解营养肿瘤学基础知识的重要性，并明确了实际干预措施。文中包含了针对癌症患者的最佳营养方法算法，重点是早期诊断和干预，以维持肿瘤患者的营养、身体成分和功能状态。还讨论了生活质量问题、恶病质的药物干预以及肿瘤协作组参与营养肿瘤学的必要性。
