Midanik L T, Clark W B
Alcohol Research Group, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute of San Francisco, Berkeley 94709.
Am J Public Health. 1994 Aug;84(8):1218-22. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.8.1218.
Since 1981, per capita consumption of alcohol (based on sales figures) has decreased in the United States. This study describes drinking patterns in the 1990 national alcohol survey by demographic correlates and assesses changes in drinking patterns from the 1984 survey.
Data were obtained from a national household probability sample within the 48 contiguous states; face-to-face interviews were conducted with 2058 adults. The instrument contained questions pertaining to the respondent's background, attitudes toward alcohol, and use of alcohol.
The proportions of current drinkers; current drinkers of wine, beer, and liquor; weekly drinkers; and drinkers who reported having five or more drinks per occasion at least once a week were significantly lower in 1990 than in 1984. These changes remained significant when demographic characteristics were controlled by logistic regression. The findings held for Whites only; there were no significant trends for Blacks or Hispanics.
While there has been a downward turn in alcohol use in the United States, the correlates of alcohol use have not changed. How these shifts affect alcohol-related problems is an important area for future research.
自1981年以来，美国人均酒精消费量（基于销售数据）有所下降。本研究按人口统计学关联因素描述了1990年全国酒精调查中的饮酒模式，并评估了自1984年调查以来饮酒模式的变化。
数据来自美国本土48个州的全国性家庭概率样本；对2058名成年人进行了面对面访谈。该调查问卷包含与受访者背景、对酒精的态度以及酒精使用情况相关的问题。
1990年，当前饮酒者、当前饮用葡萄酒、啤酒和烈性酒的饮酒者、每周饮酒者以及报告至少每周有一次每次饮用五杯或更多酒的饮酒者的比例均显著低于1984年。在通过逻辑回归控制人口统计学特征后，这些变化仍然显著。研究结果仅适用于白人；黑人和西班牙裔没有显著趋势。
虽然美国的酒精使用量出现了下降趋势，但酒精使用的关联因素并未改变。这些变化如何影响与酒精相关的问题是未来研究的一个重要领域。
