Zaragoza M S, Lane S M
Department of Psychology, Kent State University, Ohio 44242.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1994 Jul;20(4):934-45. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.20.4.934.
Although the suggestibility of eyewitness memory is well documented, previous studies have not clearly established the extent to which misled Ss might come to believe they actually remember seeing the suggested details they report. To assess whether Ss confuse misleading suggestions for their "real memories" of a witnessed event, Ss were asked specific questions about their memory for the source of suggested items. The results of 5 experiments showed that misled Ss do sometimes come to believe they remember seeing items that were merely suggested to them, a phenomenon we refer to as the source misattribution effect. Nevertheless, the results also showed that the magnitude of this effect varies and that source misattributions are not an inevitable consequence of exposure to suggestions.
尽管目击证人记忆的易受暗示性已有充分记录，但先前的研究尚未明确确定被误导的受试者在多大程度上可能会开始相信他们真的记得自己报告的那些被暗示的细节。为了评估受试者是否会将误导性暗示与他们对目击事件的“真实记忆”混淆，研究人员向受试者询问了关于他们对被暗示项目来源的记忆的具体问题。5项实验的结果表明，被误导的受试者有时确实会开始相信他们记得看到了仅仅是向他们暗示过的项目，我们将这种现象称为来源错误归因效应。然而，结果还表明，这种效应的程度各不相同，而且来源错误归因并非接触暗示的必然结果。
