Ackil J K, Zaragoza M S
Department of Psychology, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, MN 56082, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1995 Aug;60(1):57-83. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1995.1031.
To what extent do children who report suggested information believe they actually remember seeing the suggested details they report? Asking whether children misremember seeing suggested items is in essence a question about children's ability to monitor the source of their memories. The current study reports the results of two experiments designed to assess potential age-related changes in subjects' ability to accurately monitor the source of suggested information either immediately or following a 1-week delay. The results of both experiments revealed that although all subjects claimed to remember seeing suggested items, the magnitude of this effect varied with age such that first-graders made more source confusions than third- and fifth-graders, who in turn made more confusions than college subjects. Our findings suggest that these age differences are not simply a function of more general age-related memory or performance deficits, but instead reflect developmental differences in the tendency to confuse suggested information for actually witnessed events.
那些报告了暗示信息的儿童在多大程度上相信他们真的记得自己所报告的那些暗示细节呢？询问儿童是否错误地记得看到了暗示的物品，本质上是一个关于儿童监控其记忆来源能力的问题。当前的研究报告了两项实验的结果，这两项实验旨在评估受试者在即时或经过1周延迟后，准确监控暗示信息来源的能力中可能存在的与年龄相关的变化。两项实验的结果均显示，尽管所有受试者都声称记得看到了暗示的物品，但这种效应的程度随年龄而异，一年级学生比三年级和五年级学生更容易出现来源混淆，而三年级和五年级学生又比大学生更容易出现混淆。我们的研究结果表明，这些年龄差异并非仅仅是更普遍的与年龄相关的记忆或表现缺陷的结果，而是反映了在将暗示信息与实际目睹事件混淆的倾向方面的发展差异。
