Lindsay D S, Johnson M K
Mem Cognit. 1989 May;17(3):349-58. doi: 10.3758/bf03198473.
We examined the possibility that eyewitness suggestibility reflects failures of the processes by which people normally discriminate between memories derived from different sources. To test this hypothesis, misled and control subjects were tested either with a yes/no recognition test or with a "source monitoring" test designed to orient subjects to attend to information about the sources of their memories. The results demonstrate that suggestibility effects obtained with a recognition test can be eliminated by orienting subjects toward thinking about the sources of their memories while taking the test. Our findings indicate that although misled subjects are capable of identifying the source of their memories of misleading suggestions, they nonetheless sometimes misidentify them as memories derived from the original event. The extent to which such errors reflect genuine memory confusions (produced, for example, by lax judgment criteria) or conscious misattributions (perhaps due to demand characteristics) remains to be specified.
我们研究了目击证人易受暗示性是否反映了人们通常区分源自不同来源记忆的过程出现故障这一可能性。为了检验这一假设，对受到误导的受试者和对照组受试者进行了测试，测试方式为是/否识别测试或“源监测”测试，后者旨在引导受试者关注有关其记忆来源的信息。结果表明，通过让受试者在测试时倾向于思考其记忆来源，用识别测试获得的易受暗示性效应可以消除。我们的研究结果表明，虽然受到误导的受试者能够识别其关于误导性暗示的记忆来源，但他们有时仍会将这些记忆错误地识别为源自原始事件的记忆。此类错误在多大程度上反映了真正的记忆混淆（例如由宽松的判断标准产生）或有意识的错误归因（可能由于需求特征）仍有待确定。
