Beyer J, Schwartz S, Barzen G, Risse G, Dullenkopf K, Weyer C, Siegert W
Abteilung für Hämatologie/Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Freien Universität Berlin, Germany.
Infection. 1994 Mar-Apr;22(2):143-8. doi: 10.1007/BF01739026.
Invasive pulmonary Aspergillus infections are increasingly recognized among severely neutropenic and/or immunosuppressed individuals. As the infections are usually acquired through the inhalation of Aspergillus conidia, at present prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis consists mainly of the reduction of environmental exposure to aspergillus conidia. More recently, prophylaxis with amphotericin B aerosols has been investigated. Inhalations with amphotericin B aerosols significantly delayed mortality in an animal model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and high pulmonary concentrations of amphotericin B could be achieved. In man, pulmonary deposition of amphotericin B could also be demonstrated using commercially available nebulizers. Inhalations were well tolerated with little systemic absorption of the drug. In order to evaluate the efficacy of aerosol amphotericin B administrations for the prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a prospective randomized trial has been initiated.
侵袭性肺曲霉感染在严重中性粒细胞减少和/或免疫抑制个体中越来越受到关注。由于感染通常是通过吸入曲霉分生孢子获得的，目前侵袭性肺曲霉病的预防主要包括减少环境中曲霉分生孢子的暴露。最近，已对两性霉素B气雾剂的预防作用进行了研究。在侵袭性肺曲霉病动物模型中，吸入两性霉素B气雾剂可显著延迟死亡，并且可在肺部达到较高的两性霉素B浓度。在人体中，使用市售雾化器也可证明两性霉素B在肺部的沉积。吸入耐受性良好，药物的全身吸收很少。为了评估雾化吸入两性霉素B预防侵袭性肺曲霉病的疗效，已启动了一项前瞻性随机试验。
