Fiser A
Vysoká skola veterinární a farmaceutická, Brno.
Vet Med (Praha). 1994;39(7):407-22.
In a four-row cowshed adapted for rabbit housing, air temperatures and humidity were recorded ambulantly and instrumentally, air flow rate, cooling variable, gas content in the air, microbial contamination of air and dust deposition were determined ambulantly in the years 1991-1992 and in January to April 1993. The values of ambulant measurings show that at the outside temperature -0.5 degrees C to -5.0 degrees C the microclimate quality decreases particularly with respect to the drop of air temperature in the cowshed below 10.0 degrees C, to the increase in cooling variable up to the value 53.17 mW/cm2 and to the increase in NH3 and CO2 content to 50 ppm and/or 0.45 vol.% in absolute maximum values. In these circumstances, the average determined values of both gases are higher than the standard prescription. At outside temperatures above 27.0 degrees C the average relative air humidity in the cowshed made 69.20% for the average temperature of 25.0 degrees C. To avoid the water vapor tension exceeding the limit in the cowshed air above the value 14.1 mm Hg, when sultry atmosphere sets in, the average relative air humidity should be maximally 59.0%. Hence the cowshed was found to be insufficiently ventilated at high outside temperatures above 27.0 degrees C, and it is recommended to increase the ventilator performance and at the same time to reduce water evaporation from catchpit surfaces when urine output of rabbits is excessive as a result of the increased water intake. Temperature and air humidity readings confirmed the need of heating source installation when the outside temperatures drop below 0.0 degrees C. Evaluation of air microbial contamination showed high counts of molds and particularly of micrococci in comparison with the ambience of a cage facility for piglet raising at a repopulation station with strict hygienic regime. Microbial picture of dust deposition was positively influenced by longitudinal aerosol disinfection of the air in the cowshed.
在一个改造为兔舍的四排牛舍中，于1991 - 1992年以及1993年1月至4月期间，对空气温度和湿度进行了流动测量和仪器测量，流动测定了空气流速、冷却变量、空气中的气体含量、空气微生物污染和灰尘沉积。流动测量值表明，在室外温度为 - 0.5℃至 - 5.0℃时，小气候质量尤其会随着牛舍内空气温度降至10.0℃以下、冷却变量增加至53.17 mW/cm²以及NH₃和CO₂含量分别增加至绝对最大值50 ppm和/或0.45 vol.%而下降。在这些情况下，两种气体的平均测定值均高于标准规定。在室外温度高于27.0℃时，牛舍内平均相对空气湿度在平均温度为25.0℃时为69.20%。为避免在闷热天气来袭时牛舍空气中的水汽张力超过14.1 mmHg的限值，平均相对空气湿度应最大为59.0%。因此，发现牛舍在室外温度高于27.0℃时通风不足，建议在兔子因饮水量增加导致尿量过多时提高通风机性能，同时减少集水坑表面的水分蒸发。当室外温度降至0.0℃以下时，温度和空气湿度读数证实了安装加热源的必要性。与具有严格卫生制度的仔猪饲养笼舍设施的环境相比，对空气微生物污染的评估显示霉菌尤其是微球菌的数量很高。牛舍空气中的纵向气溶胶消毒对灰尘沉积的微生物状况产生了积极影响。
